| Местоимение | Формула | Пример |
|---|---|---|
| I / You / He / She / It / We / They | had been + глагол-ing | I had been working. / She had been sleeping. / They had been waiting. |
Сокращённая форма:
I'd been working, you'd been working, he'd been working, she'd been sleeping, it'd been raining, we'd been waiting, they'd been playing
I'd been working, you'd been working, he'd been working, she'd been sleeping, it'd been raining, we'd been waiting, they'd been playing
| Местоимение | Формула | Пример |
|---|---|---|
| I | Had + I + been + глагол-ing? | Had I been working? / Had I been sleeping? |
| You | Had + you + been + глагол-ing? | Had you been working? / Had you been waiting? |
| He | Had + he + been + глагол-ing? | Had he been working? / Had he been running? |
| She | Had + she + been + глагол-ing? | Had she been working? / Had she been crying? |
| It | Had + it + been + глагол-ing? | Had it been raining? / Had it been snowing? |
| We | Had + we + been + глагол-ing? | Had we been working? / Had we been traveling? |
| They | Had + they + been + глагол-ing? | Had they been working? / Had they been playing? |
Вопросы с вопросительными словами:
How long had you been waiting before the bus arrived? — Как долго ты ждал до того, как пришёл автобус?
What had she been doing all day? — Что она делала весь день?
Why had they been arguing? — Почему они ссорились?
How long had you been waiting before the bus arrived? — Как долго ты ждал до того, как пришёл автобус?
What had she been doing all day? — Что она делала весь день?
Why had they been arguing? — Почему они ссорились?
| Местоимение | Формула | Пример (короткий) |
|---|---|---|
| I / You / He / She / It / We / They | had + not + been + глагол-ing | I hadn't been working. / She hadn't been sleeping. / They hadn't been waiting. |
Сокращённая отрицательная форма: hadn't been = had not been
| Подлежащее | Утверждение | Вопрос | Отрицание |
|---|---|---|---|
| I | I had been working. | Had I been working? | I hadn't been working. |
| You | You had been working. | Had you been working? | You hadn't been working. |
| He | He had been working. | Had he been working? | He hadn't been working. |
| She | She had been working. | Had she been working? | She hadn't been working. |
| It | It had been working. | Had it been working? | It hadn't been working. |
| We | We had been working. | Had we been working? | We hadn't been working. |
| They | They had been working. | Had they been working? | They hadn't been working. |
| Случай | Пример | Перевод |
|---|---|---|
| Длительное действие, которое началось и продолжалось ДО другого действия в прошлом | I had been waiting for an hour when the bus finally arrived. | Я ждал уже час, когда автобус наконец приехал. |
| Причина результата в прошлом (видимый результат) | She was tired because she had been working all day. | Она устала, потому что работала весь день. |
| Длительное действие, которое закончилось незадолго до другого действия | Her eyes were red. She had been crying. | Её глаза были красными. Она плакала. |
| Слово/фраза | Перевод | Пример |
|---|---|---|
| for + период времени | в течение | I had been waiting for 2 hours before he arrived. |
| since + точка во времени | с (какого-то момента) | She had been working since 8am when I called. |
| all day / all night / all morning | весь день / всю ночь / всё утро | They had been traveling all day. |
| before | до / перед тем как | I had been studying before the exam started. |
| by the time | к тому времени, как | By the time we arrived, they had been waiting for hours. |
| Вопрос | Утвердительный ответ | Отрицательный ответ |
|---|---|---|
| Had you been waiting long before the bus came? | Yes, I had. | No, I hadn't. |
| Had she been working all day? | Yes, she had. | No, she hadn't. |
Важно! В коротких ответах используется had/hadn't, а не had been.
| Past Perfect Continuous | Past Continuous |
|---|---|
| Действие началось и продолжалось ДО другого действия в прошлом | Два действия происходили ОДНОВРЕМЕННО в прошлом |
| I had been studying for 2 hours when he came. | I was studying when he came. |
| Подчёркивает ДЛИТЕЛЬНОСТЬ до момента | Просто длительное действие в прошлом |
| Past Perfect Continuous | Past Perfect |
|---|---|
| Акцент на ПРОЦЕССЕ / ДЛИТЕЛЬНОСТИ | Акцент на РЕЗУЛЬТАТЕ или ФАКТЕ |
| I had been reading for 2 hours when you called. | I had read the book by the time you called. |
| Действие длилось и ВОЗМОЖНО продолжалось | Действие УЖЕ ЗАКОНЧИЛОСЬ |
С глаголами состояния (state verbs) используется только Past Perfect:
• I had known him for 10 years before he moved. (НЕ had been knowing)
• She had loved him since childhood. (НЕ had been loving)
• I had known him for 10 years before he moved. (НЕ had been knowing)
• She had loved him since childhood. (НЕ had been loving)
| Союз | Схема | Пример |
|---|---|---|
| before | Past Perfect Continuous + before + Past Simple | I had been waiting before he arrived. |
| when | Past Perfect Continuous + when + Past Simple | I had been sleeping when the phone rang. |
| by the time | By the time + Past Simple + Past Perfect Continuous | By the time we met, she had been working there for 5 years. |
Визуальная шкала времени:
Прошлое → [Past Perfect Continuous] → ДЛИТЕЛЬНОЕ ДЕЙСТВИЕ (началось раньше, длилось) → [Past Simple] → КОРОТКОЕ ДЕЙСТВИЕ → СЕЙЧАС
Пример:
I had been waiting for 20 minutes (начал ждать раньше, ждал 20 минут) when the bus finally came (короткое действие).
Прошлое → [Past Perfect Continuous] → ДЛИТЕЛЬНОЕ ДЕЙСТВИЕ (началось раньше, длилось) → [Past Simple] → КОРОТКОЕ ДЕЙСТВИЕ → СЕЙЧАС
Пример:
I had been waiting for 20 minutes (начал ждать раньше, ждал 20 минут) when the bus finally came (короткое действие).
Формулы кратко (Past Perfect Continuous):
• Утверждение: подлежащее + had been + V-ing (для всех лиц)
• Вопрос: Had + подлежащее + been + V-ing?
• Отрицание: подлежащее + hadn't been + V-ing
• Когда используем: длительное действие началось и продолжалось ДО другого действия в прошлом, или причина результата в прошлом
• Утверждение: подлежащее + had been + V-ing (для всех лиц)
• Вопрос: Had + подлежащее + been + V-ing?
• Отрицание: подлежащее + hadn't been + V-ing
• Когда используем: длительное действие началось и продолжалось ДО другого действия в прошлом, или причина результата в прошлом
Важно запомнить:
• Ошибка: "I had been work" → Правильно: I had been working.
• Ошибка: "I had been worked" → Правильно: I had been working.
• Формула всегда: had + been + глагол-ing.
• Ошибка: "I had been knowing him" → С глаголами состояния так нельзя!
• for + период времени (for 2 hours, for 5 years)
• since + конкретный момент (since 8am, since Monday, since 2018)
• Past Perfect Continuous часто используют с before, when, by the time, for, since.
• Если важен результат или факт, а не процесс → используйте Past Perfect: "I had finished work by 6pm."
• Ошибка: "I had been work" → Правильно: I had been working.
• Ошибка: "I had been worked" → Правильно: I had been working.
• Формула всегда: had + been + глагол-ing.
• Ошибка: "I had been knowing him" → С глаголами состояния так нельзя!
• for + период времени (for 2 hours, for 5 years)
• since + конкретный момент (since 8am, since Monday, since 2018)
• Past Perfect Continuous часто используют с before, when, by the time, for, since.
• Если важен результат или факт, а не процесс → используйте Past Perfect: "I had finished work by 6pm."
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