| Местоимение | Формула | Пример |
|---|---|---|
| I / You / We / They | have been + глагол-ing | I have been working. / You have been reading. / We have been playing. / They have been running. |
| He / She / It | has been + глагол-ing | He has been working. / She has been sleeping. / It has been raining. |
Сокращённые формы:
I've been working, you've been reading, he's been sleeping, she's been cooking, it's been raining, we've been playing, they've been running
I've been working, you've been reading, he's been sleeping, she's been cooking, it's been raining, we've been playing, they've been running
| Местоимение | Формула | Пример |
|---|---|---|
| I | Have + I + been + глагол-ing? | Have I been working? / Have I been sleeping? |
| You | Have + you + been + глагол-ing? | Have you been working? / Have you been reading? |
| He | Has + he + been + глагол-ing? | Has he been working? / Has he been running? |
| She | Has + she + been + глагол-ing? | Has she been working? / Has she been cooking? |
| It | Has + it + been + глагол-ing? | Has it been raining? / Has it been snowing? |
| We | Have + we + been + глагол-ing? | Have we been working? / Have we been waiting? |
| They | Have + they + been + глагол-ing? | Have they been working? / Have they been playing? |
Вопросы с вопросительными словами:
How long have you been waiting? — Как долго ты ждёшь?
What have you been doing? — Что ты делал всё это время?
Why has she been crying? — Почему она плакала?
How long have you been waiting? — Как долго ты ждёшь?
What have you been doing? — Что ты делал всё это время?
Why has she been crying? — Почему она плакала?
| Местоимение | Формула | Пример (короткий) |
|---|---|---|
| I / You / We / They | have + not + been + глагол-ing | I haven't been working. / You haven't been reading. / We haven't been playing. |
| He / She / It | has + not + been + глагол-ing | He hasn't been working. / She hasn't been sleeping. / It hasn't been raining. |
Сокращённые отрицательные формы: haven't been, hasn't been
| Подлежащее | Утверждение | Вопрос | Отрицание |
|---|---|---|---|
| I | I have been working. | Have I been working? | I haven't been working. |
| You | You have been working. | Have you been working? | You haven't been working. |
| He | He has been working. | Has he been working? | He hasn't been working. |
| She | She has been working. | Has she been working? | She hasn't been working. |
| It | It has been working. | Has it been working? | It hasn't been working. |
| We | We have been working. | Have we been working? | We haven't been working. |
| They | They have been working. | Have they been working? | They haven't been working. |
| Случай | Пример | Перевод |
|---|---|---|
| Действие началось в прошлом и ВСЁ ЕЩЁ продолжается | I have been studying for 3 hours. | Я учусь уже 3 часа (и всё ещё учусь). |
| Действие только что закончилось, но результат виден сейчас | She has been crying. Her eyes are red. | Она плакала. Её глаза красные. |
| Подчёркиваем ДЛИТЕЛЬНОСТЬ действия (не результат) | They have been walking all day. | Они ходят целый день (устали). |
| Раздражение / эмоции (с always, constantly) | He has been always losing his keys! | Он вечно теряет свои ключи! |
| Слово/фраза | Перевод | Пример |
|---|---|---|
| for + период времени | в течение | I have been waiting for 2 hours. |
| since + точка во времени | с (какого-то момента) | She has been working since 9am. |
| all day / all week / all morning | весь день / всю неделю / всё утро | We have been traveling all day. |
| recently | недавно | I have been feeling tired recently. |
| lately | в последнее время | They have been studying a lot lately. |
| How long...? | как долго...? | How long have you been learning English? |
| Вопрос | Утвердительный ответ | Отрицательный ответ |
|---|---|---|
| Have you been waiting long? | Yes, I have. | No, I haven't. |
| Has she been working all day? | Yes, she has. | No, she hasn't. |
| Have they been traveling? | Yes, they have. | No, they haven't. |
Важно! В коротких ответах используется have/has, а не have been / has been.
| Present Perfect Continuous | Present Perfect |
|---|---|
| Акцент на ПРОЦЕССЕ / ДЛИТЕЛЬНОСТИ | Акцент на РЕЗУЛЬТАТЕ |
| I have been reading this book for 2 hours. | I have read this book. (уже прочитал) |
| Действие ВСЁ ЕЩЁ может продолжаться | Действие УЖЕ ЗАКОНЧИЛОСЬ |
| How long have you been living here? | I have lived here for 5 years. (можно и то и другое с for/since) |
С глаголами состояния (state verbs) используется только Present Perfect:
• I have known him for 10 years. (НЕ I have been knowing)
• She has loved music since childhood. (НЕ has been loving)
• I have known him for 10 years. (НЕ I have been knowing)
• She has loved music since childhood. (НЕ has been loving)
| Группа | Глаголы | Пример (Present Perfect) |
|---|---|---|
| Чувства / желания | want, need, like, love, hate | I have loved you since school. (НЕ have been loving) |
| Восприятие | see, hear, smell, taste, feel | I have never seen that film. (НЕ have been seeing) |
| Мнение | think, believe, know, understand | I have known her for 5 years. (НЕ have been knowing) |
| Обладание | have, own, belong, possess | I have had this car since 2018. (НЕ have been having) |
Формулы кратко (Present Perfect Continuous):
• Утверждение: I/you/we/they + have been + V-ing / he/she/it + has been + V-ing
• Вопрос: Have/Has + подлежащее + been + V-ing?
• Отрицание: подлежащее + haven't/hasn't + been + V-ing
• Когда используем: действие началось в прошлом и продолжается сейчас, или только что закончилось, но результат виден
• Утверждение: I/you/we/they + have been + V-ing / he/she/it + has been + V-ing
• Вопрос: Have/Has + подлежащее + been + V-ing?
• Отрицание: подлежащее + haven't/hasn't + been + V-ing
• Когда используем: действие началось в прошлом и продолжается сейчас, или только что закончилось, но результат виден
Важно запомнить:
• Ошибка: "I have been work" → Правильно: I have been working.
• Ошибка: "He have been working" → Правильно: He has been working.
• Ошибка: "I have been knowing him" → С глаголами состояния так нельзя!
• For + период времени (for 2 hours, for 5 years)
• Since + конкретный момент (since 9am, since Monday, since 2020)
• В вопросах с How long часто используется Present Perfect Continuous:
"How long have you been waiting?"
• Если важен результат, а не процесс → используйте Present Perfect: "I have painted the wall." (результат — стена покрашена)
• Ошибка: "I have been work" → Правильно: I have been working.
• Ошибка: "He have been working" → Правильно: He has been working.
• Ошибка: "I have been knowing him" → С глаголами состояния так нельзя!
• For + период времени (for 2 hours, for 5 years)
• Since + конкретный момент (since 9am, since Monday, since 2020)
• В вопросах с How long часто используется Present Perfect Continuous:
"How long have you been waiting?"
• Если важен результат, а не процесс → используйте Present Perfect: "I have painted the wall." (результат — стена покрашена)
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